Dr. Carlo Torti. Admissions: Italian Patent Attorney, European Patent Attorney. Education and Work Experience: Doctorate of Physics at University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (1986) in the field of Electromagnetic Science, Computer Science, Semiconductors; Technology Engineer, responsible for the development of the BCD (Bipolar, C-MOS, D-MOS) technology in the semiconductor devices production for a major Italian microelectronics company (1987-1990); Substantive Examiner of patent applications and in opposition procedures, Chairman of both examination and opposition boards, European Patent Office, Munich (1990-2001). Practice Areas: Patent prosecution, validity, infringement and opinion work, patent litigation, licensing, general client IP counselling. Languages: Italian, English, German, French. torti@grunecker.de